1]. Quick Reference
Caspak is a lost continent or large island located in the southern hemisphere close enough to the Antarctic to have cold climates but northward enough to have tropical or sub-tropical climates as well. The land was placed somewhere west of Peru, approximately between South America and Australasia. The land is home to creatures from a variety of ecological eras in Earth's past, including dinosaurs and primitive humans. These stories are typical of ERB's imaginative science fantasy and adventure books. Primary sources are THE LAND THAT TIME FORGOT, THE PEOPLE THAT TIME FORGOT, and OUT OF TIME'S ABYSS. Note: All of ERB's major series (Tarzan, John Carter, Carson Napier, Moon Men, etc.) are set in the same universe. However, there appears to be no direct connection between Caspak and the major series' universe.
2]. Printed Sources Bibliography
Note:These stories, originally published in 1918, have been reprinted many times.
- THE LAND THAT TIME FORGOT, 1918, Story Press Corp.
- Follows the adventures of Bowen Tyler, an American shipbuilder captured by Germans in 1916, along with some British seamen and and American woman, Lys La Rue, who is engaged to Baron von Schoenvorts, captain of the U-boat that sinks their ships and takes them all prisoner. The Germans, British, and Americans discover Caspak and learn to survive there. Tyler writes about their experiences in a diary that he eventually casts into the sea.
- THE PEOPLE THAT TIME FORGOT, 1918, Story Press Corp.
- Tom Billings, a long-time friend to Bowen Tyler, comes into possession of Tyler's manuscript and mounts an expedition to rescue Tyler, Lys La Rue, and the British sailors. Billings gets swept up into the higher politics of Caspak's more advanced peoples as he searches for Bowen Tyler.
- OUT OF TIME'S ABYSS, 1918, Story Press Corp.
- Bradley, one of the British seamen captured with Bowen Tyler, leads an expedition in search of a way out of Caspak. They are cut off from the main party and Bradley finds himself exploring the most dangerous regions of Caspak before he finally is reunited with Bowen Tyler and his shipmates.
3]. Visual Sources Bibliography
Russ Manning did 4 48-page adaptations in Europe with Tarzan in Caspak. 2 of these were picked up by Dark Horse Comics and published in a single trade paperback volume as TARZAN IN THE LAND THAT TIME FORGOT AND THE POOL OF TIME.
Two movies were made in the 1970s by Samuel Z. Arkoff, "The Land That Time Forgot", starring Doug McClure, and "The People That Time Forgot", starring Patrick Wayne. The first movie follows the book by the same name relatively closely, but the second movie provides an entirely new storyline that combines elements from THE PEOPLE THAT TIME FORGOT and OUT OF TIME'S ABYSS without really reaching the same conclusion that Burroughs had. Both movies were distributed on video tape by Embassy Home Entertainment in the 1980s.
Both movies were also adapted for comic books by Marvel Comics. The first was done under the imprint of Marvel Movie Premier with a cover date of September 1975. These were 68-page, black-and-white format comics.
6]. Description
Caspak was apparently formed by a large volcano sometime in the Earth's distant past. It is so far from normal shipping lanes of the World War I era that it has garnered only one mention in previous voyages, by that of an Italian navigator named Caproni who sailed near the cliffs which make up the shoreline of Caspak in 1721. Caproni named the land Caprona and sailed off.
The only entrance by sea to Caspak/Caprona is an underground outlet for its main river. The river flows through the center of the land from north to south and is fed by all other fresh water sources in the land. The mountains making up the "shoreland" are high enough to prevent manual crossings but apparently also trap the native heat generated by the volcanic sources. Thus, ice and snow form along Caspak's shoreline, making it impossible to land there. The remarkable ecology of Caspak is divided into zones which do not invite intrusion. Evolution has taken a strange turn in Caspak in that no species has truly died out. The adventures of Bowen Tyler, Lys La Rue, and Bradley as they travel through the land and learn its secrets take through the deadliest regions of Caspak, which has a litle history but seems mostly doomed to exist in a near chaotic savagry where there is no hope for relief from constant peril.
The humans or proto-humans of Caspak live in separate communities and are named Ho-lus, Alus, Bo-lus, Sto-lus, Band-lus, Kro-lus, Ga-lus, and Wieroos. The complex relationship of these various "races" is bound up with the ecology of Caspak. The Ho-lus through the Kro-lus live along the eastern and western shores of Caspak's great river, but the Ga-lus live in the north and the Wieroos live on the volcanic island in a great central lake.
Caspak has a sort of political structure and even a primitive philosophy or proto-religion. The reader has a good chance of figuring out what's going on in the stories before the characters do, but that's not necessarily a weakness. The author seems to have intended this. Some portions are told in diary format.
VA-NAH
1]. Quick Reference
Va-nah is the interior world of our moon, Luna. Julian 5th, a man of the 21st Century, leads an ill-fated expedition to Mars that is marooned on Luna, where they discover the remnants of an underground civilization that has destroyed itself. Primary sources are THE MOON MAID, THE MOON MEN, and THE RED HAWK. Note: All of ERB's major series (Tarzan, John Carter, Carson Napier, Moon Men, etc.) are set in the same universe.
2]. Printed Sources Bibliography
- THE MOON MAID, Ace Books, ISBN 441-53702-095.
- This book was written in 1923. It's been reprinted many times. The cover of the Ace edition I have is a Frazetta piece showing Nah-ee-la on the back of a Va-ga.
- THE MOON MEN, Ace Books, ISBN 0-441-53756-1.
- This is actually two novels in one: THE MOON MEN and
- THE RED HAWK, both originally published in 1925.
- Julian 20th was also called The Red Hawk. The cover
of this edition is also done by Frazetta, and it shows Julian 20th defending Bethelda from a Kalkar giant (who really should have been more human like) named Raban. This imprint claims to be the first full printing of Burroughs' original texts.
3]. Visual Sources Bibliography
No known adaptations.
6]. Description
This enchanting saga takes place both on Earth and Luna and it covers many generations. Burroughs injects himself into the story (as he does with Napier and Carter) as an observer who meets Julian 3rd, who is reincarnated into his own family every other generation. Julian 3rd tells Burroughs how he, as Julian 5th, leads an expedition to Mars that fails in its mission, landing instead on Luna, where they discover a Pelucidarean world called Va-nah.
Va-nah is inhabited by fierce, barbaric, flesh-eating centaur-like creatures called Va-gas. The Va-gas rome about the landscape in tribal groups, fighting with each other and preying on occasional lonely U-gas. The U-gas are humans who have become divided into the two groups: the Laytheans and the Kalkars. Julian 5th learns that once Va-nah had been ruled by a peaceful civilization with 10 kings, called Jemadars. The common folk rose up in rebellion, led by men who called themselves the Thinkers, which term in modified form became applied to all the rebels (in the native form Kalkars).
The Jemadars were killed by many of the noble families fled into hiding. Eventually one group established an underground city called Laythe, but they lost their ancient technology. The Kalkars, poorly educated, lost all technology as well, and the domesticated Va-gas (bred for meat) revolted against the Kalkars, destroying the last vestiges of the ancient civilization and driving the surviving Kalkars underground.
The world discovered by Julian 5th is a savage one where the intelligent species are consumed with the need to acquire flesh. The Kalkars stalk the Laytheans, who may be the last remnant of the peaceful Jemadar class of nobles. Orthis, one of Julian's crewmen and a personal rival since their school days, sides with the Kalkars and gives them the technology to find and destroy Laythe. Julian escapes to Earth with the beautiful Nah-ee-lah, daughter of the last Jemadar of Laythe. Orthis follows Julian 5th to Earth with a Kalkar armada and the peaceful civilization on Earth is destroyed. Julian's descendants were enslaved by the Kalkar's with the rest of humanity, but 100 years later Julian 9th (another reincarnation) led the first rebellion against the conquerors, now led by the descendants of Orthis' only son, Or-tis. Julian 9th's rebellion was crushed and he was executed, but men saw they could resist the Kalkars and win back their freedom, and in time the Kalkars were themselves overthrown in many places, because they had lost once again the technology acquired from Orthis.
300 years later Julian 20th becomes Chief of Chiefs, leader of 50 clans of men who have been slowly winning back America from the Kalkars, driving them westward toward the Pacific Ocean. Julian's people ally themselves with other tribes and they launch a new war against the Kalkars and wins a great victory. But Julian himself is captured by the Kalkars, who take him before the Or-tis 16th, their Jemadar, who offers to make peace with the Julians. Julian refuses to deal with the Or-tis. He escapes and meets another Or-tis who claims to be the rightful ruler of the Kalkars, and also a full-blooded American (a Yank like Julian). The True Or-tis and Julian become allies, but they are separated. Julian falls in with the Nippons, descendants of American Japanese who were never conquered by the Kalkars. While with the Nippons he meets and falls in love with Bethelda, who turns out to be the True Or-tis' sister. Finally, the Or-tis clan and the Yanks join with the Nippons and drive the Kalkars out of America.
PELLUCIDAR
Note: This WorldFAQ was written by David Critchfield. I appended sections 5 and 6 of the Amtor WorldFAQ to complete this document. - MM.
1]. Quick Reference
Pellucidar, as every schoolboy knows, is Edgar Rice Burroughs' fantasy world which exists within our own world, at the Earth's core. David Innes and Abner Perry penetrate the Earth's crust in their newly invented mechanical mole and travel five hundred miles down towards the center of the earth, emerging in the prehistoric world. There they fight for existence against stone age dangers and the chance to bring civilization to this world. Primary sources are AT THE EARTH'S CORE, PELLUCIDAR, TANAR OF PELLUCIDAR, TARZAN AT THE EARTH'S CORE, BACK TO THE STONE AGE, LAND OF TERROR, and SAVAGE PELLUCIDAR.
2]. Description
Pellucidar's surface is three-fourths land and with an inside diameter of 7000 miles, it's a very large world of 124,110,000 square miles. Its oceans have a combined area of 41,370,000 square miles. Thus, considering the land area only, we have the strange anomaly of a larger world within a smaller one. In the center of this world hangs Pellucidar's sun, continuously at zenith, giving an endless eternity of noon. The sun gives no method by which to measure time and Pellucidar's inhabitants have little concept of it. "The Dead World" is Pellucidar's moon which revolves about the Earth's axis coincidently with the Earth, always a mile above the same spot. Perpetually in darkness, this area is known as "The Land of Awful Shadow". Pellucidar has no horizon since her surface curves away upward in all directions from the observer, so that one's line of vision goes onward and upward until lost in the haze of the distance. A polar opening exists connecting the outer crust to Pellucidar, far north of Korsar. It is believed that the ancestors of the colorful pirates, the Korsars, came from the outer crust.
Pellucidar's climate is eternally springlike. The atmosphere near the surface is slightly less dense than ours because of centrifugence but is also shallower so it is extremely cold upon mountain heights. Prevailing winds blow, generally, from the north to the south for half of the outer-Earthly year and then the reverse for the other half. Clouds are practically unknown in her skies.
When Innes and Perry arrive in Pellucidar, the races of man are being preyed upon by a superior reptilian race, the Mahars. The Mahars use the gorilla-like Sagoths, as their servants to enslave men to use in vile experiments and worse. Eventually Innes wins allies and pulls the kingdoms of man together into an alliance against their common enemy. It is thus that the empire of Pellucidar is formed with David as its emperor.
Innes makes the kingdom of Sari his capital and takes Dian, the Beautiful One as his mate. Using innovations obtained from the outer world and Perry's inventions, the empire drives the Mahars to the far reaches of Pellucidar. The empire knows little peace as next they go against the Korsars, who also possess gunpowder technology.
So enormous is the land area of Pellucidar, so sparsely populated is it, and so little explored, that one could travel for many sleeps without encountering another person. It is, however, teeming with plant and animal life. It's like a vast melting pot where animals of nearly all the geological periods of the outer crust exist contemporaneously. With beasts such as tandor, the wooly mammoth, the thipdar, the Pellucidarian word for pteranodon, the tarag or sabertooth tiger, and the zarith, the mighty Tyrannosaurus Rex, the human races of the inner world constantly fight for survival.
The land's races are just as varied as its animal life. The Buried People of Amiocap, the Horibs, the insane Jukans, and the tortured Gorbuses are but few of the strange tribes which exist within the inner world. All the races possess a homing instinct, similar to our pigeons, which allows them to find their way home, no matter the distance. This trait is their only tool of navigation as there are no stars, sun or moon to guide them. This instinct is all the more amazing when you consider that the tribes of The Floating Islands are able to negotiate directly home even when it's never in the same place!
Burroughs has created a primitive, savage world full of mystery and surprises and peopled with races and characters to love and hate. Pellucidar has captured our imaginations as few worlds have.
3]. Printed Sources Bibliography
Note: These books were originally published from 1914 through 1963 and have been reprinted many times.
- AT THE EARTH'S CORE
- Innes and Perry set out on a trial run in Perry's invention, the iron mole, but once in motion, they are unable to change the machine's course. Travelling five hundred miles to the center of the Earth, they expect to meet eternal fires but instead emerge into a new world. The two encounter strange peoples and prehistoric beasts as they fight to stay alive, finally becoming slaves to the reptilian superior race of Pellucidar, the Mahars. The two gain allies and Innes falls in love with Dian the Beautiful One. They eventually escape from Phutra, stealing the Great Secret of the Mahars, without which, the race is doomed to eventual extinction for The Secret contains their method of artificial propagation. The human races of Pellucidar begin to unite, forming an empire with
Innes as emperor. Needing books and materials from the outer world to advance their cause, David returns to the surface. As Innes is leaving, Hooja the Sly One kidnaps Dian, substitutes a disguised Mahar in her place, and sabotages the iron mole, sending it off course to a final destination in the Sahara Desert. Edgar Rice Burroughs discovers Innes there and listens to this story. The author then departs and sends him supplies for Pellucidar and 500 miles of wire to establish a telegraph line. It is unclear if Innes returned to Pellucidar or was murdered by Arabs.
- PELLUCIDAR
- David Innes returns to Pellucidar in the iron mole, bringing such implements as might aid him to establish the empire of his dreams. He finds that his old foe, Hooja, the Sly One, has caused his empire to decay. David and Abner Perry journey across Pellucidar, mapping the land as they go, fighting foes and savage beasts in the search for Dian. Eventually, David rebuilds the empire and crushes the rebel forces of Hooja with the aid of the new fleet of the empire -- fifty ships armed with cannons. Rejoined with his mate, David then marches from one Mahar city to the next, killing or capturing the Sagoths and driving the Mahars out of the empire.
- TANAR OF PELLUCIDAR
- An unknown race of sea-faring pirates, the Korsars, have been harassing kingdoms of the empire. A part of the force sent to repel them, Tanar the Fleet One, son of Ghak of Sari, is taken captive. This is Tanar's story as he wins the love of Stellara, step-daughter of the mighty Korsar chief, The Cid, encounters many adventures on the islands of the Korsar Az, and falls captive to the Buried People. Coming to Tanar's rescue, David Innes, emperor of Pellucidar, is taken captive by the Korsars. The two escape temporarily, marching north and discovering the polar opening to the outer world. All but David, who remains in a Korsar dungeon, win their way back to Sari. This story is transmitted by Abner Perry to the outer world where it is received by Jason Gridley and Edgar Rice Burroughs. Gridley decides to organize a force and go to Pellucidar to rescue Innes.
- TARZAN AT THE EARTH'S CORE
- Jason Gridley travels to Africa and enlists the aid of Tarzan to lead the rescue mission to the earth's core. They construct the great dirigible, the O-220, and pick a crew which includes Captain Zuppner, Lieutenant Wilhelm von Horst, Muviro and nine Waziri warriors. They enter Pellucidar through the polar opening but having arrived, realize the worst was yet before them. For almost immediately, the team become separated--each forced to face the terrors of the unknown alone. During their travels, Jason and Tarzan encounter the Horibs, the lizard-people, who fatten-up their captives for later consumption by their females and children. After many adventures, the crew of the dirigible is reunited and then meets the fleet of the empire in route to Korsar to rescue David Innes. The emperor is saved and the dirigible returns to the outer world. Jason decides to stay behind with Jana the Red Flower of Zoram, his love, and to search for the still missing Von Horst.
- BACK TO THE STONE AGE
- Lost and separated from his friends, Wilhelm von Horst wanders from one adventure to the next amid the unexplored terrors of this primeval land. His resourcefulness is tested first when he survives being eaten in a trodon's nest, though paralyzed from the neck down. During his travels he meets and falls in love with the slave girl La-ja, formerly the proud daughter of a chief. The two fall captives to the cave-dwelling Gorbuses, those white-skinned people who have fleeting memories of a former world where they were all murderers or sinners. They escape from them only to be enslaved by the fierce mammoth men. Von Horst is forced to fight for his life against mammoths and saber-toothed tigers in a natural arena. Saved by an old and wise mammoth he once befriended, Old White and Von Horst become travel companions. Eventually found by a search party of Sarians lead by David Innes, Von Horst decides he is content to stay with his little, yellow-haired cave-girl.
- LAND OF TERROR
- David Innes, emperor of Pellucidar, falls captive to the bearded warrior-women of Oog while returning to Sari. David has to fight for his life as he encounters some of the strangest races of the inner world including the insane warriors, the Jukans. It is in their palace that he becomes friends with Zor of Zoram and the two plot to win their freedom and also that of David's mate, Dian the Beautiful One. Escaping the madmen and pursuing his mate and her captor, the treacherous Do-gad, across new territories, David falls captive to the man-eating giants of Azar, man-size ants, and the natives of The Floating Islands. Finally, near death on the waters of the Bandar Az, he is rescued by a vessel from his fleet commanded by Ja the Mezop.
- SAVAGE PELLUCIDAR
- David Innes and Hodon, the Fleet One are among those that travel to the aid of the kingdom of Kali which is being threatened by the Suvians. On the trip, Hodon meets his mate-to-be, O-aa, daughter of a king. At the same time, Dian, the Beautiful One tests out the latest invention of Abner Perry---a hot air balloon. Those endeavors go awry and begin a series of adventures which lead both David and Hodon in near hopeless searches for their mates across the lands of Pellucidar. Both women end up being worshipped as goddesses, because of their unusual methods of arrival, in two cities of the bronze age which exist on the other side of the nameless strait which divides Pellucidar's known and unknown lands. During their travels, the men encounter an old sailor from the outer crust. Eventually reunited, the friends fight their way 700 miles overland through stone age terrors to return to their home at Sari.
4]. Visual Sources Bibliography
DC Comics published a brief adaptation of AT THE EARTH'S CORE in the early 1970s.
5]. Related Materials Bibliography (Common to all above)
There is a biography of ERB, EDGAR RICE BURROUGHS: MASTER OF ADVENTURE, by Richard A. Lupoff, published by Canaveral Press in hardcover and then published by ACE in 1865 and reprinted in 1968.
EDGAR RICE BURROUGHS: AN EXHAUSTIVE SCHOLAR'S AND COLLECTOR'S DESCRIPTIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY, McFarland, 1996.
ERB fan clubs which publish magazines (according to the 1979 ACE imprints and the ERBCOF-L welcome message) include:
ERB-dom & THE FANTASTIC COLLECTOR -- $12 for
4 issues (only partially related to Burroughs)
Ed., Caz Cazedessus
P.O. Box 2340
Pagosa Springs, CO 81147
THE BURROUGHS BIBLIOPHILES -- $28/Year
George McWhorter 505-852-8729
BURROUGHS BULLETIN and THE GRIDLEY WAVE
Ekstrom Library - Burroughs Memorial Collection
University of Louisville
Louisville, KY 40492
GTMCWH01@ULKYVM.LOUISVILLE.EDU
ERBANIA {old, possibly outdated info)
8001 Fernview Lane
Tampa, Florida 33615
TBN (THE BURROUGHS NEWSBEAT) (old, possible
outdated info)
110 South Shore Drive
Clear Lake, Iowa 50428
EDGAR RICE BURROUGHS AMATEUR PRESS ASSOCIATION
Ed., John Martin (Limited
Membership)
P.O. Box 157
Galvin, WA 98544
THE L.A. Sub-ERB NEWSLINE
From the L.A. Chapter of the Burroughs Bibliophiles
Ed., James Van Hise* (619) 365-5836
57754 Onaga Trail
Yucca Valley, CA 92264
ERB-NOTIZEN (in German)
Ed., Kurt Denkena
Postfach 750 331
D-28723 Bremen, Germany
Fan publications include:
EDGAR RICE BURROUGHS NEWS DATELINE -- $12 for 4 issues
Ed., Mike Conran 616-457-1446
1990 Pine Grove Drive
Jenison, Michigan 49428
ERBANIA -- $8 for 4 issues
Ed., Pete Ogden 813-884-8144
8410 Lopez Drive,
Tampa, FL 33615
FANTASTIC WORLDS OF ERB -- $17.50 for
4 issues
ED., Frank Westwood
77 Pembroke Road
Seven Kings, Ilford
Essex, IG3 8PQ
England
THE EDGAR RICE BURROUGHS LIBRARY OF ILLUSTRATION, edited by Russ Cochran and printed by Russ. It is three oversized volumes beginning with J. Allen St. John (the majority of the surviving St. John works are reproduced here), and then John Coleman Burroughs, some Frazetta and RG Krenkel, and comic book art. These are out of print and rather expensive, running from $300 to $600 for the set.
ART OF EDGAR RICE BURROUGHS, Joe Jusko. (Paperback & hardback) Devoted to reproducing many of the illustrations done originally for the card sets.
6]. Online References COMMON TO ABOVE
A) News Groups
alt.fantasy.er-burroughs.
Also, Burroughs' works can be discussed in rec.arts.sf.written and alt.fan.created-worlds.
B) Mailing/Discussion Lists
The Edgar Rice Burroughs Chain Of Friends List (ERBCOF-List). Send email to:
LISTSERV@APSU01.APSU.EDU
[Note: That is APSU(zero)(one).]
Send one or more of these function commands to the Listserver in the body of the mail message:
- SUBSCRIBE ERBCOF-L (Your-full-name)
- subscribes you to ERBCOF-L. [Replace (Your-full-name) with your own full name.]
- UNSUBSCRIBE ERBCOF-L (Your-full-name)
- Removes you from the list. [Replace (Your-full-name) with your own full name.]
To participate in the ERBCOF-LIST discussion, send your e-mail "post" [message] to ERBCOF-L itself at: ERBCOF-L@APSU01.APSU.EDU
[Note: (zero)(one)]
The Edgar Rice Burroughs List (ERBlist)
To Subscribe to the ERBlist listserver send e-mail with the following in the MESSAGE BODY: Subscribe erb-list yourname@your-isp.domain to
majordomo@erblist.com
Moderated by Tangor (tangor@erblist.com)
C) Web sites
The Tarzan of the Internet Website
http://www.tarzan.com/
The Barsoomian Blade
http://www.geocities.com/Area51/5236/
Although it's main focus is Barsoom parody, there is also quite a bit of stuff relating other ERB worlds.
ERBList
http://www.erblist.com
Extensive site summarizing the works of ERB, Reference, Resources, Articles, Fan Fiction in ERB's Worlds, Glossaries of ERB's Worlds, and more.
D) Online services
No special forums.
E) IRC
None.
F) Comprehensive lists of resources
The ERBCOF-L welcome message, which is sent to you after subscribing to the list, contains bibliographical information, a brief history of the ERB Circle of Friends, and contact information for various ERB groups and publications.
ERBList offers the ERBFAQ detailing the author's life
Other WorldFAQs posted in alt.fan.created-worlds and alt.fantasy.er-burroughs are "Edgar Rice Burroughs' Vanah (Interior of Luna)", "Edgar Rice Burroughs' Amtor (Venus)", "Edgar Rice Burroughs' Pellucidar (Earth's Core)", and "Edgar Rice Burroughs' Barsoom (Mars)".
The article ONLINE BOOKS: THE WORKS OF EDGAR RICE BURROUGHS is posted occasionally to alt.fan.created-worlds and alt.fantasy.er-burroughs. It may also be cross-posted to other groups like rec.arts.sf.written and alt.pulp. This article lists ERB books that can be downloaded from Project Gutenberg.
FAQs owner: Michael Martinez (Michael@xenite.org)
HTML conversion by Bruce "Tangor" Bozarth. WorldFAQ: Edgar Rice Burroughs' Logo Image copyright © 1997.